Heterogeneity in the AML stem cell pool.

created. Nevertheless, methods do exist to induce and expand natural Tregs in vitro, for example, with anti-CD3 TGF ,8 albeit the plasticity of these cells is a concern.9 The specificity of these Tregs needs to be tightly determined and controlled. Otherwise, we will be creating an expensive and nonspecific immunosuppressive cellular therapy. Despite these caveats, this model offers promise that future cellular and gene therapies can be combined to initiate specific immunoregulatory controls for the success of replacement therapy in the future. Conflict-of-interest disclosure: The author declares no competing financial interests. ■